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| Pic NZ Herald |
Several media and veterans organisations have now begun their own “countdown to Anzac Day” — counting down to the 100-year anniversary of the disastrous Anzac landings on a 700m stretch of Turkey’s Dardanelles, many miles and several mountain ranges distant from Turkey’s capital.
It was one of the most disastrous operations amid a whole war replete with disasters. A war begun with no purpose, fought with no quarter, at the end of which three empires had been destroyed, a fourth all but bankrupted, and a platform for big government and for future conflicts was laid across both victors and vanquished for a century (not least WWII, the Cold War and a century of Middle-Eastern conflict).
And more than twenty-million families across the globe were left mourning their dead.
No-one across the world was untouched. And not one of them could really have said what they had been fighting for.
New Zealand, of course, had no argument with Turkey. Neither, before the war began, had the British empire, or Britain. Fact is, Britain had no real argument with Germany either, or with Austro-Hungary. Which didn’t stop Britain's ruling Liberal Party – also destroyed in the wash-up of war – voting to enter the war on the back of a Treaty with Belgium that obliged them to do nothing (and a Belgian government that concurred).1
There are many things to say and understand about this conflict. A war that brought down the curtain on a half-century of prosperity, and nearly a century in which (with some exceptions1) global peace had almost broken out. Some of those things are things you might not know, or think you do know but are just not so.
Did you know, for instance, that for some months before the Anzac landings British naval ships had been bombarding the forts along the narrow Dardanelles Peninsula – all but sending a telegram directly to the Pasha and Gallipoli's defenders, giving them time to organise the defence. And if that wasn't enough, the British parliament's gabbling had been making it explicit, removing any element of surprise.
Did you know that Australian and New Zealand soldiers embarking in November 1914 on ships towards Britain thought they would be fighting for Britain on the Western Front, against a German aggressor. Not fighting against a peaceful Turkey to gift Constantinople to Russia --against whom for decades New Zealanders and Australians had been defending their shores and ships?
Did you know that the Triple Entente, the so-called “alliance” shared between Britain, France and Russia, was not in fact a formal alliance committing Britain to war. And that not one of the so-called Allies, France, or Russia, nor Germany (nor even most people in Britain or in the British Cabinet), knew until Britain’s Commons vote in August that Britain or its Empire would enter the war at all?
Did you know that in going to war against Germany, in an alliance with Russia, the British Empire was opposing itself to one of Europe’s few fledgling democracies —and against its biggest trading partner in Europe — and allying itself with Europe’s most autocratic dictatorship? (So what was it fighting for again?)
And, since Germany and Britain were each other’s best European customers, what about the idea so often voiced that “when goods don’t cross borders armies will”? What happened to the arguments that a half-century of free trade would cement peace?
And what happened to the knowledge about the machine gun, about its massive destructive power that each major power had learned in colonial combat, but refused to take into account in their “cult of the offence” and mutually unrealistic fantasies for swift European victory?
There is much to be said about the origins of this war, and of the Gallipoli landings that “gave birth to a nation.” So over the next two-and-a-bit weeks in some of this series's links below I’ll be saying some of them in ways you may not have heard before.
I hope you can join me.
This post is part of NOT PC’s #CountdownToAnzacDay series. Other posts in the series:
- Countdown to Anzac Day
- Q: But what were the ANZACs fighting *for*?
- Q: So why were Britain and NZ at war with Turkey at all?
- Q: So why was WWI so calamitous?
- Q: Who started the whole bloody mess?
- The Horsemen of non-apocalypse
- War and Peace
- May 17, 1915: The Day Classical Liberalism Died
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| As often happens, satire tells more truth than the reality does... |
NOTES
1. There were other, strategic reasons given, about which more later, but this was the explicit reason of principle given by Foreign Secretary Sir Edward Grey in his speech to the British House of Commons ending ending in an almost unanimous vote to enter the war against Germany and Austro-Hungary. Yet the 1839 Treaty of London (signed as a result of the Napoleonic Wars) had committed French, Prussian and British troops to respect Belgium’s neutrality, not to share in its defence. And when asked for military assistance by both France and Britain, both the Belgian King and his Government declined.
2. The Franco-Prussian and American Civil Wars were the obvious two exceptions, along with the various “Imperial Wars” erupting around the globe. But, unlike virtually the entirety of human history up to that point, the whole world was enmeshed for a century in trade rather than conflict. A remarkable state of affairs.
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