Fascism. What is it?

"What is fascism, and what place does it occupy in political philosophy? There is more to that question than the standard identification with the extreme right, as echoed by the Encyclopedia Britannica:

'Although fascist parties and movements differed significantly from one another, they had many characteristics in common, including extreme militaristic nationalism, contempt for electoral democracy and political and cultural liberalism, a belief in natural social hierarchy and the rule of elites, and the desire to create a Volksgemeinschaft (German: 'people’s community'), in which individual interests would be subordinated to the good of the nation.'

"This characterisation doesn’t fit well on the conventional left-right axis of the political spectrum. For one thing, the mainstream left also entertains communitarian beliefs and favors “the good of the nation” against individual interests. Its devotion to democracy and liberalism, at least in the classical sense, is rather doubtful. Apart from its populist variant, the mainstream left does favor a hierarchy between elected officials and expert bureaucrats on the one side, and the populace on the other side. Finally, if we look at socialism à la Maduro or at communism, the practical difference with fascism wears thin. The favoured political constituencies of the two regimes differ but often overlap. For example, the common people easily rally behind strongmen of either the extreme left or the extreme right, and even move from one side to the other over time.'

The kinship between the extreme right and the extreme left suggests that the conventional axis left-right is not a satisfactory model. The left and the right share more than is apparent. ...

"[A]sk Benito Mussolini himself, the founder of fascism ... [who] explained :

'Against individualism, the Fascist conception is for the State. … It is opposed to classical Liberalism ... When one says liberalism, one says the individual; when one says Fascism, one says the State.' ...

"[Both] fascism and communism—and, to a different extent, [both] the right and the left —... are collectivist and opposed to the individualism of classical liberalism and libertarianism.

"This distinction between collective and individual choices seems to be the main line of fracture in modern ideologies."

~ Pierre Lemieux from his post 'Fascism, the Right, and the Left'